umbra

umbra, ae, f. [etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an encircling], a shade, shadow.

I.

Lit.:

cum usque quaque umbra est, tamen Sol semper hic est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:

illa platanus, cujus umbram secutus est Socrates,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

fiebat, ut incideret luna in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

colles... afferunt umbram vallibus,

id. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque,

Verg. A. 2, 251:

spissis noctis se condidit umbris,

id. ib. 2, 621:

majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70:

pampineae,

id. ib. 7, 58:

certum est mihi, quasi umbra, quoquo ibis tu, te persequi,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be afraid of shadows, i. e. to fear without cause, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

umbram suam metuere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9:

ipse meas solus, quod nil est, aemulor umbras,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—

B.

Transf.

1.

In painting, the dark part of a painting, shade, shadow:

quam multa vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus!

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. lumen) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—

2.

A shade, ghost of a dead person ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.:

Manes, Lemures): nos ubi decidimus, Quo dives Tullus et Ancus, Pulvis et umbra sumus,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 16:

ne forte animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras inter vivos volitare,

Lucr. 4, 38; cf.:

cornea (porta), quā veris facilis datur exitus umbris,

Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.:

Umbrarum rex,

i. e. Pluto, Ov. M. 7, 249; so,

dominus,

id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a single dead person:

matris agitabitur umbris,

Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—

3.

Like the Greek skia, an uninvited guest, whom an invited one brings with him (cf. parasitus), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an attendant:

luxuriae,

Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—

4.

A shade, shady place, that which gives a shade or shadow (as a tree, house, tent, etc; poet. );

of trees: nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras,

Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681:

Pompeiā spatiabere cultus in umbrā,

i. e. in the Pompeian portico, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so,

Pompeia,

Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387:

vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

in the cool barber's shop, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50:

studia in umbrā educata,

in the closet, study, Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.:

rhetorica,

i. e. the rhetorician's school, Juv. 7, 173:

dum roseis venit umbra genis,

i. e. down, beard, Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et Celer. 42: nunc umbra nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of hair, Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis umbra, i. e. the plume or crest, Stat. Th. 6, 226:

sed non erat illi Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae,

i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—

5.

A fish, called also sciaena; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—

II.

Trop., like the Engl. shadow or shade.

A.

Opp. to substance or reality, a trace, obscure sign or image, faint appearance, imperfect copy or representation, semblance, pretence (cf. simulacrum):

veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

umbra et imago civitatis,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 53:

umbra et imago equitis Romani,

id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram quidem umquam tou kalou viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1:

in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas?

id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā maxime claudicamus... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100:

sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati,

Liv. 8, 4, 2:

umbras falsae gloriae consectari,

Cic. Pis. 24, 57:

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

mendax pietatis umbra,

Ov. M. 9, 459:

libertatis,

Luc. 3, 146:

belli,

Sil. 15, 316:

umbras quasdam veritatis habere,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—

B.

Shelter, cover, protection:

umbra et recessus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101:

umbrā magni nominis delitescunt,

Quint. 12, 10, 15:

umbra vestri auxilii tegi possumus,

Liv. 7, 30, 18:

sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt,

id. 32, 21, 31:

sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant,

id. 34, 9, 10:

morum vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae primo latebant,

Just. 5, 2, 7.—

C.

Rest, leisure:

ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā,

Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.